January 18, 2021

GEO: Enhancing Combinatorial Optimization with Quantum Generative Models

  • Francisco Javier F. Alcazar
  • Mohammad Ghazi Vakili
  • Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz
External Co-Author:
We introduce a new framework that leverages machine learning models known as generative models to solve optimization problems. Our Generator-Enhanced Optimization (GEO) strategy is flexible to adopt any generative model, from quantum to quantum-inspired or classical, such as Generative Adversarial Networks, Variational Autoencoders, or Quantum Circuit Born Machines, to name a few. Here, we focus on a quantum-inspired version of GEO relying on tensor-network Born machines, and referred to hereafter as TN-GEO. We present two prominent strategies for using TN-GEO. The first uses data points previously evaluated by any quantum or classical optimizer, and we show how TN-GEO improves the performance of the classical solver as a standalone strategy in hard-to-solve instances. The second strategy uses TN-GEO as a standalone solver, i.e., when no previous observations are available. Here, we show its superior performance when the goal is to find the best minimum given a fixed budget for the number of function calls. This might be ideal in situations where the cost function evaluation can be very expensive. To illustrate our results, we run these benchmarks in the context of the portfolio optimization problem by constructing instances from the S&P 500 and several other financial stock indexes. We show that TN-GEO can propose unseen candidates with lower cost function values than the candidates seen by classical solvers. This is the first demonstration of the generalization capabilities of quantum-inspired generative models that provide real value in the context of an industrial application. We also comprehensively compare state-of-the-art algorithms in a generalized version of the portfolio optimization problem. The results show that TN-GEO is among the best compared to these state-of-the-art algorithms; a remarkable outcome given the solvers used in the comparison have been fine-tuned for decades in this real-world industrial application. We see this as an important step toward a practical advantage with quantum-inspired models and, subsequently, with quantum generative models

 

Author
Francisco Javier F. Alcazar
Zapata Author

Francisco Javier F. Alcazar , Ph.D.

Quantum Application Scientist, Research
Author
Mohammad Ghazi Vakili
Zapata Author

Mohammad Ghazi Vakili

Research Post Doc
Author
Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz
Zapata Author

Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz , Ph.D.

Research Director, Quantum AI/ML